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Harmonia Lodge paid for both the coffin and the grave at a cost of $24. This prompted the first public notice of the lodge as 11 members attended the funeral in a group. 27, 1861, three months after the forming of the lodge. The first member death recorded was that of Heinrich Werner on Sept. Judging from early meeting minutes, the pioneers of Harmonia Lodge organized as a brotherhood to be of assistance to each other. It was from this voting system where the term blackball (to vote against to exclude from membership by casting a negative vote to exclude socially) originated. Members would put a white ball (marble) in the box to accept the new member or a black ball to reject. A ballot box was passed around to members at the meeting.
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New members were accepted or rejected by vote. German ancestry was very much a prerequisite of membership as this was their common bond and all meetings were held in the German language.
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New members were recommended by current members. John Lemnitzer and Jakob Goll assembled a group of citizens in San Antonio that voted to organize a lodge, and on Jthe first Sons of Hermann lodge in Texas was founded as San Antonio Harmonia Lodge of the Order of the Sons of Hermann.įive new members joined within the next few months. "Arminius" is probably a Latinized version of the Germanic Irmin meaning "great." In the 19th century the name "Hermann" (meaning "soldier", "army man" or "warrior") came into use as the German equivalent of Arminius and he became an emblem of the revival of German nationalism. It was said Augustus would beat his head against the wall crying “Varus, give me back my legions.”Īrminius' success in destroying three entire legions and driving the Romans out of Germany was one of the most devastating defeats Rome suffered in its history, and a high point of Germanic power for centuries.
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German soldiers cut the heads off many of the dead and nailed them to the trees as a warning. When defeat was certain, Varus committed suicide by falling on his sword. History would call it the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.Īrminius's tribe, and their allies ambushed and annihilated Varus' entire army, totaling more than 20,000 men, during the three-day battle. Varus and his legions marched right into the trap Arminius had set for them near Kalkriese.
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He persuaded Varus to divert the three legions under his command (composed of the 17th, 18th and 19th legions, plus three cavalry detachments and six cohorts of auxiliaries) to suppress the rebellion. In the fall of 9 AD, the 25-year-old Arminius brought Varus a report of rebellion in northern Germany. There he began plotting to unite various Germanic tribes to thwart Roman efforts to incorporate their lands into the empire. He returned to northern Germania in 7 or 8 AD, where the Roman Empire was seeking to extend its control eastward under Publius Quinctilius Varus, a high-ranking administrative official appointed by Augustus as governor. Around the year 4 AD, Arminius assumed command of a Cheruscan detachment of Roman auxiliary forces. He had lived in Rome as a hostage in his youth, where he had received a military education, and obtained Roman citizenship as well as the status of equestrian (petty noble). He was the son of the Cheruscan chief, Segimerus, and trained as a Roman military commander. Hermann, also known by his Latin name of Arminius, was born in 18 or 17 BC.